Substrates play a vital role in setting up a terrarium, significantly contributing to the habitat and overall wellbeing of all the species inside. With a wide range of functions, it's clear that substrates serve far more than just a decorative purpose.
Humidity
Many reptiles and amphibians have specific humidity needs based on their natural environments. The choice of substrate can influence the overall humidity within the enclosure. Some species, for example, prefer substrates that retain moisture, such as coconut coir or sphagnum moss, to help maintain the humidity levels essential for healthy skin, shedding, and breathing.
Burrowing and Hiding
Certain species naturally burrow or hide. A suitable substrate can support these behaviours by allowing animals to dig burrows or find shelter. Substrates like stone desert, plantation soil, or forest moss are ideal for burrowing species, encouraging natural behaviour that reduces stress and promotes overall wellbeing.
Nesting
For species that nest or lay eggs, the right substrate is essential. It should provide the right conditions for egg deposition, moisture retention, and protection. For example, bearded dragons require sandy or loamy substrates for digging nests and laying their eggs.
Thermoregulation
Reptiles and amphibians need to regulate their body temperature to maintain a healthy metabolism. Substrates with varying heat-retention properties—such as rocks, sand, soil, or bark—can create different temperature gradients. This allows animals to move across the substrate to find their preferred temperature range, supporting effective thermoregulation.
Plant Life
In a planted terrarium, substrates act as an anchor for plant roots and a reservoir for nutrients. They ensure plants have a stable foothold while also providing water and essential nutrients. Landscaping substrates, like stone desert, can be used to create natural plant pockets or pots.
Habitat Simulation
For some species, a substrate that replicates their natural habitat can enhance their overall wellbeing and reduce stress. For instance, species from forest environments may thrive on a substrate made of leaf litter or bark, while desert-dwelling species may prefer sand or a mix of sand and soil.
The choice of substrate is crucial as it can significantly impact thermoregulation, hydration, hygiene, and the overall health of all species in the terrarium. When selecting a substrate, it's essential to consider the specific needs of each species, including temperature, humidity, hygiene, natural habitat, and behavioural requirements.
